Erythropoietin (EPO) is also a colony-stimulating factor, which promotes the expansion and differentiation of bone marrow erythroid colony-forming units, cooperates with other cell growth factors to promote cell proliferation and differentiation, inhibits apoptosis and increases the number of red blood cells. After the cDNA of EPO was successfully cloned in 1985, rhEPO has been widely used in the treatment of various anaemic diseases. Currently, the indications for rhEPO drugs in China are mainly for the treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and chemotherapy-related anemia (CRA). It has become one of the most important supportive tools in the treatment of anaemia.